SGK Tiếng Anh 9 - Unit 10: Life on other planets

UNIT 10
LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS
1. GETTING STARTED
Look at the pictures of UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects). Ask and answer
Have you ever heard about UFOs? Do you think they really exist?
Have you ever seen any films on UFOs? What were they about?
What do you want to know about UFOs?
If you saw a UFO, what would you do?
H 2- LISTEN AND READ
UFOs are strange flying objects that some people report they have seen in the sky and believed to be spacecraft from another planet. Many scientists do not believe so. They say that if people see a UFO, it might be an . aircraft, a weather balloon or a meteor. However, there is still evidence for people to believe in the existence of UFOs.
In 1947, Kenneth Arnold, an experienced pilot in the USA, reported that he saw nine large round objects traveling at about 2,800 meters an hour to the left and north of Mount Rainier.
In 1952, there were more than 1,500 UFO sightings around the world.
In 1954, a woman and her children believed they saw a UFO above their house. The woman said she saw two aliens in the spacecraft.
In 1964, a farmer claimed he saw an egg-shaped object in one of his fields and also aliens collecting soil samples.
In 1971, two men claimed they were captured by aliens and taken aboard a spacecraft. After being examined by the aliens, the men were freed.
In 1978, a young pilot and his plane disappeared after sighting a UFO.
In 1981, Renato Nicolai, who was living in the south east of France, reported that he saw a plate-like device at a treetop 30 meters away from his garden.
Find the words in the text having the following meanings.
proof, support
falling star, or shooting star
unknown / strange people or things
bringing together or gathering
caught as a prisoner
became impossible to see
. Complete the notes.
Q Q Q
3. SPEAK
There are drawings of things a space-tourist to Mars saw and noted down. Try to guess and match the drawings with the words in the box. Then practice the dialogue with a partner.
minerals
plants
gemstones
little creatures
water
mountains
gas
Nam:	What do these drawings say, Hung?
Hung:	There might be water in Mars.
Nam:	And what about those black sparkling spots on the right comer?
Hung:	Well, they might be traces of gemstones. There may be a lot of
precious stones on Mars.
Make up similar dialogues about the drawings, using the cues in section a).
Now talk with a partner. Tell each other what you think there might be on Mars, on the moon and on other planets.
LISTEN
Listen to the description of the moon. Then check (S) the correct statements about the moon.
There is no air on the moon.
There are rivers and lakes on the moon.
There are no sounds on the moon.
It is very cold at night on the moon.
During the day the temperature is even lower.
There are great round holes on the moon.
There are no mountains on the moon.
You will weigh 8 kilos heavier on the moon.
You will be able to jump very high on the moon.
One day on the moon lasts for two weeks.
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READ
A SPACE TRIP
Do you want to plan for some kind of exciting trip? Do you have a million dollars? Are you very healthy? Are you a good traveler? Do you want to go to nowhere? Then you can have a trip to space.
If you decide to take the trip, you will have to get ready a few months before the flight.
You must be in excellent physical condition. You should run a lot, swim every day, and do aerobics and push-ups.
You must get a letter from the doctor that shows you are in perfect health.
Once you get on the trip, you will be in a different world. You will see pictures of the Earth. You may also find your country and other interesting places. You will be able to seethe oceans, the big rivers, the tall mountains. You will be able to see them many times because you will orbit the Earth 16 times a day! You will also be able to see stars that you couldn’t see from the Earth.
When you are in orbit, you will be able to get out of your seat and walk in the cabin.
You will be able to walk on the walls or on the ceiling like in a circus. You will not weigh anything! You will feel totally free and enjoy the wonderful feeling you have never had before. If you were on board now, you would experience those marvelous things.
So do you think you will be able to take a space trip? Start to dream now and your dream may come true some day.
Put the phrases in order to show what you need and get in joining a trip into the space. •
get a letter from a doctor to show you are in perfect health
see pictures of the Earth, its interesting places, and stars from very far
feel free and enjoy wonderful feeling
get ready and be in an excellent physical condition
get on the trip
Answer. Then write the answers in full sentences.
What will you have to do if you decide to take a space trip?
What must you do if you want to show you are in perfect health?
What scenes on the Earth can you see from outer space?
How many times a day can you see those scenes?
What things can you do while you are in orbit that you cannot do when you are on the Earth?
If you were able to take a space trip, what would you do to prepare for the trip? What would you like to bring along?
WRITE
a) Read the outline of an exposition in column A. Then put the paragraphs in column B in order to match the sections in column A.
A
B
Introduction (presents the writer’s viewpoint:'I think...,
I believe ..., ...)
(i) Therefore, UFOs are just the imagination of some writers and they do exist only in films for entertainment.
Body (gives reasons / examples for persuasion:
Firstly, ...; Secondly, ...; 	)
(ii) I don’t believe there exist UFOs even though many newspapers talk a lot about them.
Conclusion (sums up the argument: therefore, ...)
(iii) Firstly, flying saucers might be aircraft, balloons, clouds or tricks of light. Secondly, there are not enough photos showing clearly the shapes of the UFOs. Moreover, if there are UFOs, there will certainly be traces of their landing on the ground.
b) Read the dialogue between An and Ba about the existence of UFOs.
An: Do you think UFOs exist?
Ba: Yes. Articles and reports in newspapers talk lots about UFO appearance. An: What makes you believe there are UFOs?
Ba: Well, many people around the world say they have seen flying saucers, so they must exist.
An: Flying saucer! It might be their imagination.
Ba: I don’t think so. There are plenty of photos of them. And, some of the photographers said they saw man-like creatures get out of the saucers.
An: If there were flying saucers, there would be traces of their landing.
Ba: You’re right. People are talking about the mysterious circles on the fields in Great Britain. UFOs are no longer human beings’ imagination. They’re real.We should be ready to welcome their visits.
Now use Ba s opinion in the dialogue to write an exposition about the existence of UFOs. Begin with:
I believe UFOs exist because articles and reports in newspapers.
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Modals: may, might
Conditional sentences: type 1 and type 2
It may be a book of Jt might be a game.
Work with a partner. Use may or might and talk about Andy's presents.
box of crayons / box of paints
2. Complete the sentences. Use the verbs in the box.
rain / not go out not be / drop
join / finish miss / not hurry
write / not forget
flying saucer / meteor	evening star / spacecraft
If it rains this evening, I won't go out.
Lan	the bus if she	.
If Ha	careful, he	the cup.
Mrs. Nga	US if she	her work early.
If Mrs. Binh	a shopping list, she	what to buy.
Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences.
a)
Example:
Ba / be rich // travel around the world
If Ba were rich, he would travel around the world.
b)
c)
Lan / live / Ho Chi Minh City // visit / Saigon Water Park e)
d)
study / harder
Nam / arrive / school / on time // have / alarm clock
f)
Hoa / live / Hue // see / parents every day
Na / buy / new computer // have / enough money
What would you do if you met an alien from outer space? Write 3 things you would like to do.
Example:
If I met an alien from outer space, I would invite him / her to my home and talk.
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3.
GRAMMAR
Past simple tense
To talk about past activities
Lan took Maryam to Hoan Kiem Lake.
The girls visited Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum.
With wish
I wish you had a longer vacation.
I wish I were older.
They wish they stayed in Hue.
The Present perfect
I
have
(I’ve)
You
(You’ve)
He
(He’s)
She
has
(She’s)
seen the film.
It
(It’s)
We
(We’ve)
You
have
(You’ve)
They
(They’ve)
Writers and musicians have mentioned the ao dai in poems, novels and songs.
I’ve already seen Giac Lam Pagoda.
Have you ever eaten Vietnamese food?
Direct and reported speech
• Changes in tense
Direct speech
Reported speech
present simple
I walk.
past simple
I walked.
present progressive
I am walking.
past progressive
I was walking.
past simple
I walked.
past simple/past perfect optional, dependent on context
NOTE:
The past perfect tenses had + past participle, had + been + V-ing will be introduced in grades 10, 11 and 12.
Aunt Xuan said she was happy to see you.
Ba told Liz that he had been there before.
1 walked. /1 had walked. *
past progressive
I was walking.
past progressive/past perfect progressive*
I was walking. /1 had been walking*
present perfect
I have walked.
past perfect
I had walked.
present perfect progressive
I have been walking.
past perfect progressive
I had been walking.
past perfect
1 had walked.
past perfect
I had walked.
past perfect progressive
I had been walking.
past perfect progressive
I had been walking.
• Reported questions
She asked me what my name was.
She asked me where I lived.
She asked me if I spoke any other languages.
She asked me if I liked pop music.
She asked me who taught me English.
She asked me how I learned English.
Here and now words in reported speech
Direct speech
Reported speech
TIME
now
then / immediately
today
that day
tonight
that night
tomorrow
the next /following day
yesterday
the day before / the previous day
last night
the night before
two days ago
two days before / earlier
PLACE
here
there
DEMONSTRATIVE
HEADS
this
that
these
those
“Ell go to Hue tomorrow.”
Miss Chi said she would go to Hue the following day.
“I’m having a wonderful time here.”
Mai said she was having a wonderful time there.
Passive voice
Be + past participle
Modal verbs + be + past participle
Rice is grown in tropical countries.
Traditionally, the ao dai was frequently worn by both men and women.
Jean clothes were made completely from cotton.
The food has been cooked.
Five million bottles of champagne will be produced next year.
This exercise must be done carefully.
The problem can be solved easily.
Gerunds I
Gerunds after some verbs
Verbs such as enjoy, hate, like, love,...can be followed by a gerund.
In Viet Nam people love reading newspapers and magazines.
She enjoys cooking on weekends.
You like watching sports, don’t you?
Ba hates waking up early.
Tag questions
You like watching sports, don’t you, Trung?
You don’t like foreign films, do you?
You have read this article on the website, haven’t you?
Baird produced the first TV pictures in 1926, didn’t he?
Modals with if
We can join an if clause to a main clause which contains a modal verb. The modal verb gives more information about the outcome relating to ability, certainty, permission, obligation, and/or necessity.
If you want to improve your English, we can help you.
If you want to get good grades, you must study hard.
If you don’t pay in advance, you must give us a 10 percent deposit.
Conditional sentences: type 1
z/ + present tense, will + verb
If you can’t find your place, I will help you get there with this map.
If we work hard, we’ll make this beach a clean and beautiful place again.
If the rice paddies are polluted, the rice plants will die.
Conditional sentences: type 2
if + past tense, would/could/might + verb
If you saw a UFO, what would you do?
If you were on board now, you would experience those marvelous things.
What would you do if you met an alien from outer space?
11. Relative clauses
• Relative pronouns
Defining
Defining and non-defining
SUBJECT
people
that
who
things
which
OBJECT
people
that / d
who(m)
things
which
* POSSESSIVE
people
whose
whose
things
whose/of which
whose/of which
A The possessive relative pronouns will be learned more intensively in the upper grades.
Tet is a festival which occurs in late January or early February.
Family members who live apart try to be together at Tet.
To the one whose feelings for me are so strong that the word love can’t describe them.
He is a considerate and generous man who is loved not only by his family but also by all his friends.
Viet Nam, which is in south-east Asia, exports rice.
Neil Armstrong, who first walked on the moon, lived in the USA.
Types of relative clauses
There are two types of relative clauses: defining and non-defining.
Defining
Tornadoes are funnel-shaped storms which pass overland below a thunderstorm.
The typhoon may damage the water pipes which supply our home.
Non-defining
Mount Pinatubo, which is a volcano in the Philippines, erupted in 1991.
Ninety percent of earthquakes occur around the Pacific Rim, which is known as the “Ring of Fire”.
Adjectives
Adjective + that clause
This structure is used with adjectives that refer to feelings or certainty. The word that does not always have to be included.
Some of the adjectives that can be used in this structure are: afraid, angry, bad, certain, disappointed, glad, grateful, happy, helpful, hopeful, important, lucky, pleased, possible, sad, sorry, sure, thankful, true, wrong.
I’m disappointed that people have spoiled this area.
We are pleased that you got in touch.
Adverb clauses
Adverb clauses of result
Everyone felt tired and hungry, so they sat down under the tree and had a snack.
The Parkers are nice so Van feels like a member of their family.
Adverb clauses of reason
Because pollution is something that other folk do, we’re just enjoying our day.
Unfortunately my company does not produce recycled paper since it is more expensive to make than regular paper.
• Adverb clauses of concession
Thu Ha is not satisfied with her preparation for Tet, even though she has decorated her house and made plenty of cakes.
Although we don’t have a Mother’s Day in Viet Nam, Dad and I have special gifts and parties for my mom every year on the 8th of March.
Many tourists enjoy festivals in Viet Nam though they do not understand Vietnamese culture very much.
Prepositions of time: up to, till,...
He will stay there till the beginning of October.
In the afternoon, he feeds the chickens and collects their eggs.
Mr. Thanh leaves Ha Noi at 2 pm.